Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-10-2021

Abstract

Electromagnetic radiation from communication and electronic devices, networks, systems and base stations has drawn concern due to excessive global usage with increasing power and operating frequency level. Numerous previous researches only focus on how the radiation from certain frequency ranges of particular devices could harm specific human organs and tissues, resulting in distinct symptoms. In this research, electromagnetic propagation and properties in fourteen human organs and tissues were analyzed and investigated based on the organs and tissues’ electromagnetic and mechanical parameters, and chemical composition. Counting the organs and tissues as electromagnetic materials, their permittivity and conductivity, computed by a 4-Cole-Cole mode, directly respective to the operating frequency, are interrelated to wave behavior and hence influence the organs’ response.

Tests were conducted in 1GHz to 105GHz system settings, covering most microwave frequency uses: 2.4GHz of 4G-LTE, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and the 5G ranges: 28GHz of 5G-mmW and 95GHz of 5G-IoT. Trial human organs and tissues were placed in the wave propagation direction of 2.4GHz and 28GHz dipole antennas, and a waveguide port operating from 95-105GHz. The quantitative data on the effects of 5G penetration and dissipation within human tissues are presented. The absorbance in all organs and tissues is significantly higher as frequency increases. As the wave enters the organ-tissue model, the wavelength is shortened due to the high organ-tissue permittivity. Skin-Bone-Brain layer simulation results demonstrate that both electric and magnetic fields vanish before passing the brain layer at all three focal frequencies of 2.4GHz, 28GHz, and 100GHz.

Comments

Rights managed by Taylor & Francis. Original published version available at https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2021.1874976

Publication Title

Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2021.1874976

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