Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-25-2026
Abstract
Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors using graphene have become one of the most promising biosensing platforms for the early diagnosis of diseases with features such as high sensitivity, label-free detection and application compatibility with point-of-care systems. Herein, we critically discuss recent advances in graphene FET (GFET) biosensor development toward clinically relevant biomarkers associated with representative diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disease, infectious disease, and inflammatory conditions. Recent progress was reviewed to evaluate GFET architectures, surface functionalization methods, and detection quality. The biomarkers explored were clusterin in Alzheimer’s disease, thrombin in coagulopathy, estrogen receptor α (ER-α) in breast cancer, Carcinoembryonic antigen in lung cancer, microRNAs for malignant tumors, exosomes derived from HepG2 for the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, interleukin-6 (IL-6) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Polyclonal antibodies and antigens (P24) for HIV and prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer. The developed devices demonstrate ultralow detection limits at femtomolar to attomolar concentrations with the aid of designed antibodies, aptamers and nanomaterials. Herein, this review presents the sensing mechanisms and biomedical application of various GFET platforms, focusing on their emerging potential as next-generation platforms for rapid, non-invasive and point-of-care diagnostics.
Recommended Citation
Nagpal, Deeksha, Anup Singh, John Link, Abijeet Singh Mehta, Ashok Kumar, and Vinay Budhraja. "Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Disease Biomarker Detection and Clinical Prospects." Biosensors 16, no. 4 (2026): 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16040190
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publication Title
Biosensors
DOI
10.3390/bios16040190
Comments
© 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.