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Abstract
Background: Dopamine plays a critical role in various essential functions, including motor control, hormone regulation, cognition, learning, and the reward system. In healthy individuals, dopamine levels are extremely low, with concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.25 nM in blood and 0.3 to 3.13 µM in urine. Abnormal levels are linked to disorders like Parkinson’s, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s, epilepsy, hypertension, and arrhythmia. Abnormal dopamine levels can indicate the presence of certain cancers. Dopamine receptors may be therapeutic targets for treating cancer, especially breast and colon cancer. Thus dopamine can increase the efficacy of anticancer drugs in breast and colon cancer. Detecting dopamine is crucial to prevent abnormal levels and mitigate these health risks.
Methods: In this research, we developed an interdigitated gear-shaped electrode, modified with graphene polyaniline (G-PANI) ink that improves the active surface area by 95% when compared to commercially available alternatives to detect dopamine. The electrode was fabricated using a direct laser printing technique to enable rapid and efficient production, making it a screen-printed laser-induced graphene (LIG) sensor. To further enhance its performance, it was modified with graphene polyaniline (G-PANI) ink. The physiochemical properties of this advanced sensor were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: Our sensor demonstrated good sensitivity and selectivity, detecting dopamine within a linear range of 0.1–100 µM and achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.095 µM (R² = 0.95). Cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry were employed to evaluate the electrode's performance in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) with ferricyanide as the redox probe. Additionally, our sensor exhibited excellent repeatability and reproducibility, as well as remarkable selectivity in a ternary mixture of uric acid and dopamine.
Conclusions: With its improved active surface area, rapid fabrication process, and superior performance metrics, this gear-shaped electrode highlights its potential as a robust and reliable sensor for dopamine detection, offering significant promise for applications in medical diagnostics and cancer research.
Recommended Citation
Sarkar, Pritu P. and Islam, Nazmul, "Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine using screen-printed Graphene Electrode for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy" (2025). Research Symposium. 24.
https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/somrs/2025/talks/24
Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine using screen-printed Graphene Electrode for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Background: Dopamine plays a critical role in various essential functions, including motor control, hormone regulation, cognition, learning, and the reward system. In healthy individuals, dopamine levels are extremely low, with concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.25 nM in blood and 0.3 to 3.13 µM in urine. Abnormal levels are linked to disorders like Parkinson’s, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s, epilepsy, hypertension, and arrhythmia. Abnormal dopamine levels can indicate the presence of certain cancers. Dopamine receptors may be therapeutic targets for treating cancer, especially breast and colon cancer. Thus dopamine can increase the efficacy of anticancer drugs in breast and colon cancer. Detecting dopamine is crucial to prevent abnormal levels and mitigate these health risks.
Methods: In this research, we developed an interdigitated gear-shaped electrode, modified with graphene polyaniline (G-PANI) ink that improves the active surface area by 95% when compared to commercially available alternatives to detect dopamine. The electrode was fabricated using a direct laser printing technique to enable rapid and efficient production, making it a screen-printed laser-induced graphene (LIG) sensor. To further enhance its performance, it was modified with graphene polyaniline (G-PANI) ink. The physiochemical properties of this advanced sensor were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: Our sensor demonstrated good sensitivity and selectivity, detecting dopamine within a linear range of 0.1–100 µM and achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.095 µM (R² = 0.95). Cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry were employed to evaluate the electrode's performance in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) with ferricyanide as the redox probe. Additionally, our sensor exhibited excellent repeatability and reproducibility, as well as remarkable selectivity in a ternary mixture of uric acid and dopamine.
Conclusions: With its improved active surface area, rapid fabrication process, and superior performance metrics, this gear-shaped electrode highlights its potential as a robust and reliable sensor for dopamine detection, offering significant promise for applications in medical diagnostics and cancer research.
