Theses and Dissertations
Date of Award
8-1-2026
Document Type
Thesis
Degree Name
Master of Science (MS)
Department
Exercise Science
First Advisor
Ulku Karabulut
Second Advisor
Murat Karabulut
Third Advisor
Samuel Buchanan
Abstract
PURPOSE: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often treated as a single exposure, although progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) may have different cardiometabolic associations. This study examined associations of progestogen type, dose, and recorded duration with cardiometabolic outcomes among postmenopausal women. This retrospective longitudinal analysis included 3,363 non-Hispanic White postmenopausal women from the All of Us Research Program classified as non-HRT controls; oral MPA 2.5, 5, or 10 mg; or oral progesterone 100 or 200 mg. ANCOVA models adjusted for baseline outcome values, age, BMI, waist circumference, medication duration, and blood-pressure-, lipid-, and glucose-lowering medication use, with Bonferroni correction for pairwise comparisons. RESULTS: No cardiometabolic outcome showed a significant overall treatment-group effect, and no pairwise comparison remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Baseline values were consistently among the strongest predictors of follow-up values. Long-term medication use (≥10 years) was associated with higher adjusted HbA1c. CONCLUSION: Progestogen type and dose showed limited independent associations with follow-up cardiometabolic outcomes. Findings were observational, may have been affected by unconfirmed estrogen exposure, and should not be interpreted as causal.
Recommended Citation
Azpeitia Aranda, J. (2026). Associations Between Progesterone-Based Hormone Replacement Therapy Use and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Menopausal Women Using All of Us Data [Master's thesis, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley]. ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/etd/2049
Comments
Copyright 2026 Jabeth Azpeitia Aranda. All Rights Reserved. https://proquest.com/docview/3408970495