Effects of Scarification, Phytohormones, Soil Type, and Warming on the Germination and/or Seedling Performance of Three Tamaulipan Thornscrub Forest Species

Authors

Paula Luera
Kimberly Wahl-Villarreal, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Bradley O. Christoffersen, The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyFollow
Abeny Treviño, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Pushpa Soti, The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyFollow
Christopher A. Gabler, The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

7-2021

Abstract

The Tamaulipan thornforests of south Texas and northeast Mexico are an ecologically and economically important conservation hotspot. Thornforest restoration is limited by native tree and shrub seedling availability for planting. Seedling shortages arise from low seed availability and knowledge gaps regarding best practices for germinating and growing the 70+ thornforest species desired for restoration plantings. To fill key knowledge gaps, we investigated three ecologically important thornforest species with low or highly variable germination or seedling survival rates: Ebenopsis ebano, Cordia boissieri, and Zanthoxylum fagara. For each, we quantified the effects of different dosages of chemical seed treatments used to promote germination (sulfuric acid, SA; gibberellic acid, GA; indole-3-butyric acid, IBA) on germination likelihood and timing. We also quantified the effects that these chemical seed treatments, soil media mixture type, and soil warming had on seedling survival, growth, and root morphology. Ebenopsis germination peaked (>90%) with 40–60 min SA treatment. Cordia germination peaked (40%) with 100 mg/L GA treatment. Zanthoxylum germination was negligible across all treatments. Seed molding was rare but stirring during SA treatment reduced Ebenopsis molding by 4%. Ebenopsis seedling survival, height, leaf count, and root morphology were minimally affected by seed treatments, generally reduced by warming, and influenced by soil mix, which also mediated responses to warming. These results suggest improvements to existing practices that could increase Ebenopsis germination by 10–20% and potentially double Cordia germination.

Comments

© 2021 by the authors

Recommended Citation

Luera, P.; Wahl-Villarreal, K.; Christoffersen, B.O.; Treviño, A.; Soti, P.; Gabler, C.A. Effects of Scarification, Phytohormones, Soil Type, and Warming on the Germination and/or Seedling Performance of Three Tamaulipan Thornscrub Forest Species. Plants 2021, 10, 1489. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081489

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Publication Title

Plants

DOI

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081489