Free Energy Differences in Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Processes

Authors

Paul Bracken, The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-20-2024

Abstract

Systems which may be allowed to go out of equilibrium have been of interest recently. A quantity is formulated whose average over an ensemble of microscopic realizations of the process depends only on the initial and final states. This is so even though the system may not be in equilibrium during the process. A generalization to the case where the initial and final states are not equilibrium states is developed here. Quantum analogues of these relations are derived, and an indication of how this might be applied to study entropy increase in thermodynamics is presented.

Comments

© 2024 American Chemical Society

Original published version available at https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01925

Recommended Citation

Bracken, Paul. "Free Energy Differences in Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Processes." The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 128, no. 33 (2024): 6999-7004. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01925

Publication Title

The Journal of Physical Chemistry A

DOI

10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01925