School of Medicine Publications
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-20-2026
Abstract
Background: Current research on physician burnout is limited in rural communities and physicians caring for the medically underserved. This study aimed to create an instrument to quantify the rate of physician burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify effective coping interventions in an underserved mixed rural-urban region along the Texas-Mexico border.
Methods: We conducted a regional study in a sample of US physicians using a structured questionnaire developed by a multidisciplinary group. Thirty-one participants were contacted over a five-week period between December 2022 to January 2023. Participants self-selected based on their experiences of burnout during various phases of the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., Initial Surge, Lock Down, Adjustment Period, Vaccine Distribution, Delta Variant, Booster Available). A 5-point Likert scale was used to assess and rank the perceived effectiveness of services employed to cope with burnout and its negative implications.
Results: We found that 43% of participants experienced burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, with flexible schedules and personal wellness being the top alleviators of burnout. The survey showed good internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.7680), McDonald's omega was 0.80, and identified three "worry types" through latent factor analysis. Worry types included: (1) physicians with a desire to self-preserve but showed negative coping, (2) physicians with a desire for occupational harmony but with concerns about patient safety, and (3) physicians with concerns about personal safety and their mortality potential. Additionally, latent factor analysis showed that 9 questions from the survey could be used to create a Worry Score to classify burnout and coping strategies related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that healthcare administrators and policymakers should prioritize implementing and promoting flexible work schedules and opportunities for personal time as part of comprehensive strategies to improve physician wellness and mitigate burnout. Additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of the interventions in addressing physician burnout.
Recommended Citation
Jacobsen, V., Vazquez, E. A., Herrera, L., Escalera, R., Salinas, D., Gadad, B. S., Lopez-Alvarenga, J. C., & Potter-Baker, K. (2026). Development of a survey and worry score to evaluate physician burnout and wellness interventions during COVID-19 in the Rio Grande Valley: A pilot study. PloS one, 21(3), e0342993.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342993
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publication Title
PLoS One
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0342993
Academic Level
faculty
Mentor/PI Department
Population Health and Biostatistics
Comments
Copyright: © 2026 Jacobsen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.