School of Medicine Publications and Presentations
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
5-2019
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the world and in most developed countries. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffer from both microvascular and macrovascular diseases and therefore have higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared to those without T2DM. If current trends continue, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 1 in 3 Americans will have T2DM by year 2050. As a consequence of the controversy surrounding rosiglitazone and the increasing prevalence of diabetes and CVDs, in 2008 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established new expectations for the evaluation of new antidiabetic agents, advising for pre and, in some cases, post-marketing data on major cardiovascular events. As a direct consequence, there has been a paradigm shift in new antidiabetic agents that has given birth to the recently published American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus statement recommending sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) in patients with T2DM and established CVD. As a result of over a decade of randomized placebo controlled cardiovascular outcome trials, the aforementioned drugs have received FDA approval for risk reduction of cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with T2DM and established CV disease. SGLT2i have been shown to have a stronger benefit in patients with congestive heart failure and diabetic kidney disease when compared to their GLP-1RA counterparts. These benefits are not withstanding additional considerations such as cost and the multiple FDA Black Box warnings. This topic is currently an emerging research area and this mini-review paper examines the role of these two novel classes of drugs in patients with T2DM with both confirmed, and at risk for, CVD.
Core tip: Cardiovascular diseases are of significant concern in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Novel therapies offer a new opportunity for cardiovascular risk reduction and add complexity in terms of selecting antihyperglycemic treatment. These pharmacological therapies, however, also have additional considerations.
Recommended Citation
Pozo, L., Bello, F., Suarez, A., Ochoa-Martinez, F. E., Mendez, Y., Chang, C. H., & Surani, S. (2019). Novel pharmacological therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus with established cardiovascular disease: Current evidence. World Journal of Diabetes, 10(5), 291–303. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v10.i5.291
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
First Page
291
Last Page
303
Publication Title
World Journal of Diabetes
DOI
10.4239/wjd.v10.i5.291
Academic Level
resident
Mentor/PI Department
Internal Medicine
Comments
©The Author(s) 2019. Original published version available at http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v10.i5.291