School of Podiatric Medicine Publications and Presentations

Anatomy-Informed Biomechanics of the Ankle: A 360° Review of Normal and Pathological Function

Document Type

News Article

Publication Date

9-2025

Abstract

The ankle is a complex and dynamic joint essential for load transfer, balance, and ambulation. This review presents a 360° exploration of ankle biomechanics by integrating structural anatomy, neuromuscular control, and the biomechanical principles that govern function and dysfunction. Recent data from detailed cadaveric, imaging, and biomechanical studies are incorporated to enhance understanding of ligament function, motion coupling, and injury mechanisms. Emphasis is placed on the anatomical and biomechanical principles necessary to guide clinical diagnosis, rehabilitation, and surgical planning for podiatric and orthopedic specialists.

Ankle biomechanics reflects a sophisticated interaction between osseous configuration, ligamentous restraints, muscular coordination, and sensorimotor feedback. These elements function in concert to permit the joint’s role in dynamic stability and force propagation. Disruptions–whether through trauma, degenerative changes, or congenital anomalies–result in significant mobility impairments. This review builds upon foundational anatomy and integrates clinical insights to present a comprehensive view of ankle biomechanics from normal to pathological states, with application to podiatric and foot/ankle surgical practice.

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Publication Title

Lower Extremity Review

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